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LSI e-Catalogue 2012 Veterinary Diagnostic Kits Elisa, PCR and BVD LSI e-Catalogue 2012 Veterinary Diagnostic Kits Elisa, PCR and BVD (English)
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e-Catalogue LSI 2012 des kits de diagnostic vétérinaire Elisa, PCR et BVD e-Catalogue LSI 2012 des kits de diagnostic vétérinaire Elisa, PCR et BVD (FR)
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BLUETONGUE VIRUS (BTV)


Bluetongue or catarrhal fever is caused by a double-stranded RNA virus genus Orbivirus family Reoviridae. It is a non-contagious disease transmitted by insects to wild and domesticated ruminants, especially sheep. Seven or eight days after infection, sheep develop acute symptoms—high temperature, lethargy and self-isolation from the herd. Shortly after the rise in temperature, the buccal mucosae become red and swollen and large volumes of foamy saliva are produced. The tongue swells up and in some cases turns blue (hence the name of the disease). The crown of the unguis becomes red and painful. Affected animals can limp and ewes may abort. In most cases, growth is retarded and there is coat loss. Severely affected sheep may die eight to ten days into the infection. In bovines and caprines, the infection is usually asymptomatic. When there are symptoms in cattle, the most common are hyperthermia, abortion towards the end of gestation (in the eighth month), oedema (of the udders, teats, vulva and hocks) and erythema (mucosae, teats and udders).

Bluetongue was first reported in 1876 in South Africa. While it used to be believed that is was confined to Africa, over the last ten years the disease has spread to Asia, the southern United States, Australia and southern Europe. A total of 24 different serotypes of the bluetongue virus are known, of which eight have been reported in Europe (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 16).

 
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